Evaluation of Renal Disease… What is polyuria 22 May 202222 May 2022 Polyuria is an increase in total daily output of urine. Urine output more than 2000 ml/m2/ 24 hrs is defined as polyuria. Preschool child >1 L/24 hrsSchool Children >2L/24 hrsAdults >3L/24 hrs qualifies…
Evaluation of Renal Disease… How to manage a child with Polakiuria 19 May 202216 May 2022 Previous Post What is Polakiuria First step in management is to obtain a detailed history and physical examination followed by a urine analysis, a random blood sugar and Urine culture (if…
Evaluation of Renal Disease… What is Polakiuria 15 May 202216 May 2022 POLAKIURIA -Also known as benign urinary frequency, it means increased urinary frequency during day time. It commonly affects school aged children who are toilet trained and are previously healthy. Child…
The Fetus and the Neonatal Infant… Umbilical Granuloma 12 May 20227 May 2022 Umbilical granuloma is a soft, moist, pink, usually pedunculated, friable lesion of granulation tissue that varies in size from 3 to 10 mm in length. Granuloma formation is more likely…
Breastfeeding… Galactagogues in breastfeeding 8 May 20226 May 2022 Foods, herbs, and drugs that are believed to help boost maternal milk flow/production are called galactagogues. These are prescribed very frequently when breastfeeding is not going well, presuming that the maternal…
The Digestive System… Umbilical Hernia 5 May 20225 May 2022 Umbilical hernia is due to a persistent opening of the umbilical ring, which normally spontaneously closes. After birth, this fascial opening (umbilical ring) closes spontaneously with continued growth of the…
Screening, Anticipatory Guidance and Counseling Computer Vision Syndrome or Digital Eye Strain 1 May 202229 Apr 2022 The symptoms associated with excess or inappropriate screen use are referred to as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) or Digital Eye Strain. Most common symptoms observed are eyestrain, headaches, blurred vision, dry eyes,…
Chronic Cough… Otogenic Cough 28 Apr 202226 Apr 2022 A rare cause of chronic cough in children is reflex cough due to the otogenic reflex. In a minority of individuals, the external ear is innervated by a branch of…
Diseases of the Blood… Timing of G6PD Assay 24 Apr 2022 Previous post - Neonatal Jaundice & G6PD deficiency G6PD diagnosis deficiency testing is based on direct measurements of G6PD activity in a population of RBCs. In the setting of an…
Diseases of the Blood… Neonatal Jaundice and G6PD Deficiency 21 Apr 202224 Apr 2022 Previous post - G6PD Deficiency Anemia and jaundice are often first noted in the newborn period in individuals with severe G6PD deficiency (Class I variants). The degree of jaundice is…
Diseases of the Blood… G6PD DEFICIENCY 17 Apr 202224 Apr 2022 G6PD deficiency is an X-linked disorder. The presence of anemia will vary depending on the severity of deficiency in the affected cells. WHO classified it according to the magnitude of the enzyme deficiency and…
Motion Sickness… Pharmacological options for a Motion Sickness 14 Apr 202212 Apr 2022 Previous Post: Non Pharmacological interventions for a Motion Sickness ANTIHISTAMINES – They are the most frequently used and widely available medications for motion sickness; non-sedating ones appear to be less effective. None…
Motion Sickness… Nonpharmacologic interventions for Motion Sickness 10 Apr 20228 Apr 2022 Previous Post Clinical Manifestations of Motions Sickness Following Non- Pharmacological Measures can help Prevention or treat motion sickness: Optimizing position to reduce motion or motion perception—Selecting seats where swinging or…
Motion Sickness… Clinical Manifestations of Motion Sickness 7 Apr 20225 Apr 2022 Previous Post - What is Motion Sickness Besides Nausea or Vomiting/Retching, which are more often reported by patients, other symptoms exhibited are: SweatingCold sweatsExcessive salivationApathyHyperventilationIncreased sensitivity to odoursLoss of appetiteHeadacheDrowsinessWarm sensationGeneral discomfort…
Motion Sickness… What is Motion Sickness 3 Apr 20221 Apr 2022 Motion sickness is the term attributed to physiologic responses to travel by sea, car, train, air and virtual reality immersion. Anyone with a functional vestibular system can develop motion sickness…
Disorders of Eye… Stye or Hordeolum 31 Mar 202229 Mar 2022 A hordeolum (i.e. stye) is a localized infection or inflammation of the eyelid margin involving hair follicles of the eyelashes or blockage of Sebaceous glands of Zeiss (external hordeolum) or meibomian glands…
Urologic Disorders in Infants and Children Smegma Pearls or Preputial Cysts 27 Mar 202225 Mar 2022 Desquamated epithelial cells that are trapped under the foreskin are referred to as smegma. In boys without a fully retractable foreskin, smegma may form white lumps under the foreskin, often referred to…
The Fetus and the Neonatal Infant… Delayed Separation of Umbilical Cord 24 Mar 202222 Mar 2022 Delayed cord separation does not have a specific definition, primarily because of the variation in normal cord separation. In general, any cord that persists after three weeks probably represents delayed cord separation.…
Arthropod Bites and Infestations… Bed Bugs 20 Mar 202218 Mar 2022 Bedbugs do not inhabit or live on humans. Rather, they tend to inhabit cracks and crevices of mattresses, cushions, bed frames, or other structures. Bedbugs are attracted to the host…
Chronic Cough… Non Infective Bronchitis 17 Mar 202215 Mar 2022 Exposure to environmental pollutants can trigger non-infective bronchitis and chronic cough in children. Worldwide, indoor air pollution is a major contributor to respiratory health. Children show more severe symptoms than adults…
Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy (Celiac Disease)… Potential Celiac Disease 13 Mar 202211 Mar 2022 Potential celiac disease refers to patients who are diagnosed with gluten sensitivity by a positive TTG-IgA or endomysial antibody but who have a normal small bowel biopsy. For these patients,…
Dental Caries… Dental Caries 10 Mar 20228 Mar 2022 Dental caries develops slowly over time due to gradual loss of tooth substance (enamel and dentine) caused by acid production resulting from bacterial metabolism of sugars. Early stages are often…
Breastfeeding… Infant Feeding in HIV positive mother 6 Mar 20226 Mar 2022 Pregnant women who regularly receive Anti Retroviral Therapy(ART) before delivery are expected to have a low number of HIV copies in their blood and pose a negligible risk of transmission…
Breastfeeding… Maternal Cytomegalovirus infection and Breastfeeding 3 Mar 20221 Mar 2022 Many a times pregnant women are found to be CMV-IgG seropositive and more than 50% of CMV-IgG positive mothers produce CMV-positive breastmilk Postnatal CMV infection with maternal infected liquids (milk,…
Breastfeeding… Perinatal Varicella and breastfeeding 27 Feb 202227 Feb 2022 A maternal varicella infection in the last 4 weeks of a woman’s pregnancy poses a high risk of varicella infection of the new born. If there are no other risks…
Breastfeeding… Breastfeeding during pregnancy 24 Feb 202222 Feb 2022 A Mother may be still breastfeeding when she conceives again. This creates the dilemma of whether to continue breastfeed or not, as there is often a social and medical pressure…
Breastfeeding… Maternal Medications and Breastfeeding 20 Feb 202220 Feb 2022 Drug inserts or prescribing information leaflets of most of the commonly used drugs would mention a restriction during both pregnancy and breastfeeding, despite a lack of scientific evidence to support…
Breastfeeding… When breastfeeding is really contraindicated 17 Feb 202215 Feb 2022 Following are the only valid scenarios of Absolute contraindications of a breastfeeding Maternal Drugs Cytotoxic drugs Cyclophosphamide, MethotrexateInfant Galactosemia or Phenyl KetonuriaMother is using an illicit street drug (Substance Abuse)Maternal Ebola…
Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis… Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis PBB 13 Feb 202211 Feb 2022 PBB is increasingly being considered to be one of the common causes of chronic wet cough, particularly in young children (<5 years of age) in western countries for the past…
Giardiasis… NITAZOXANIDE 10 Feb 20228 Feb 2022 Nitazoxanide is FDA approved for treatment of giardiasis in patients ≥12 months age. Nitazoxanide is available in liquid 100mg/5 ml and tablets of 500 mg. It has been shown to be…
Arthropod Bites and Infestations… Topical Ivermectin for Head lice 6 Feb 20224 Feb 2022 Ivermectin 0.5%, is applied to dry scalp and hair closest to scalp first, then apply outward towards ends of hair, completely covering scalp and hair. Leave on for 10 minutes (start timing treatment after…
Infantile Hemangiomas… Topical Propranolol or Timolol for Infantile Hemangiomas 3 Feb 20221 Feb 2022 Topical therapy with 1% propranolol ointment or 0.5% Timolol drops/gel may be a safe and effective method for treating superficial Infantile Hemangiomas and can be used as an adjuvant treatment…
The Digestive System… Angular Cheilitis 30 Jan 202228 Jan 2022 Angular cheilitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the skin and contiguous labial mucosa located at the lateral commissures of the mouth. Lesions are most often bilateral and may be…
The Digestive System… Geographic Tongue 27 Jan 202225 Jan 2022 Geographic tongue (benign migratory glossitis) is a chronic, recurring disorder characterized by pink to red, slightly depressed lesions with irregular, elevated, curvilinear white or yellow borders. The lesions are areas…
Disorders of Eye… ROP Screening 23 Jan 202221 Jan 2022 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading causes of preventable childhood blindness in India. Screening for ROP should be performed in All preterm neonates who are born <…
Laboratory Tests… Chromosome Microarray Analysis CMA 20 Jan 202218 Jan 2022 Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is a novel laboratory test used to detect chromosomal imbalance at a higher resolution than current standard karyotype or FISH techniques. This process looks for identification…
Laboratory Tests… Non Invasive Prenatal Test NIPT 16 Jan 202218 Jan 2022 Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), sometimes called noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS), is a method of determining the risk that the fetus will be born with certain genetic abnormalities. This testing analyzes…
Labial Adhesions… Labial Adhesions 13 Jan 202211 Jan 2022 Labial adhesions are frequently seen in infants beyond 3 months age and incidence peaks in the second year of life and onset rarely seen beyond 3 years age. Inflammation of the labia…
Disorders of Eye… Management of nasolacrimal duct obstruction 9 Jan 20227 Jan 2022 External digital massage is performed by applying moderate pressure over the lacrimal sac in a downward direction for 2 to 3 seconds & two to three times per day until…
Breastfeeding… Tight Cord Around Neck Syndrome T-CAN  6 Jan 20226 Jan 2022 Nuchal cord occurs when the umbilical cord becomes gets wrapped around the fetal neck by 360 degrees or more. Nuchal cords occur in about 10–30 % of fetuses and the incidence increases…
INFECTIOUS DISEASES… Human Bite Wounds 2 Jan 20222 Jan 2022 IDSA (Infectious Disease Society of America) recommends the use of systemic antibiotics in all human bites. However, many large clinical trials suggest that systemic antibiotics may not be started if…
Atopic Dermatitis… SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS vs ATOPIC DERMATITIS 30 Dec 202128 Dec 2021 Seborrheic DermatitisAtopic DermatitisAge of onset2-3months5-6monthsPresence of itching/pruritusMild or absentSevereClinical sitesStarts at scalp (Cradle cap), neck, flexures, groins. Cheeks, extensor aspects of arms & legs, sparing the groins Clinical PresentationGreasy yellow coloured scaling…
The Fetus and the Neonatal Infant Gestational Age Definitions 26 Dec 202124 Dec 2021 The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (Year 2013) endorse and encourage the uniform use of new gestational age designations by all clinicians. Recommended…
Acyclovir… Anti Viral therapy in Varicella infections 23 Dec 202121 Dec 2021 For healthy children ≤12 years, varicella is typically self-limited and antiviral therapy is not required. Oral Antiviral Therapy (Acyclovir or Valacyclovir)is suggested for 5-7 days duration in following scenarios as…
Breastfeeding… Lingual frenulum &Tongue tie 19 Dec 202119 Dec 2021 Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) is a relatively common congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormally short and/ or tight lingual frenulum, which may restrict tongue mobility. Prevalence estimates range from 4.2% to 10.7%…
CMV… Diagnosing CMV 16 Dec 202114 Dec 2021 Laboratory diagnosis of congenital CMV infection is accomplished by isolation(viral-culture) or molecular detection(PCR) of CMV from urine or saliva samples collected within the first three weeks of life. Both viral culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests have high sensitivity and specificity for detection of CMV in infected neonates. Serology should not be used for the routine diagnosis of congenital CMV infection. Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common sequelae of congenital CMV infection. The newborn hearing screen is a valuable tool for detecting otherwise asymptomatic infants with CMV infection.
Achromic nevus… Nevus Depigmentosus or Achromic nevus 12 Dec 20217 Dec 2021 Nevus depigmentosus is a well- circumscribed macule/patch of hypopigmentation, present since birth. It remains stable in size and shape; only increases in proportion to the body size. On wood’s light the lesion…
Hypopigmented patch… Vitiligo 9 Dec 202130 Nov 2021 Vitiligous patches are manifested before the age of 10yrs in approx. 25% of cases and by age 20 years approximayely 50% would manifest. The order of distribution of a vitiligous patch…
Hypopigmented patch… Pityriasis versicolor 2 Dec 202130 Nov 2021 It is a common superficial cutaneous fungal infection characterized by pityriasiform desquamation and hypopigmented or hyperpigmented macules, located on the chest and back, caused by Malassezia furfur. It happens more in hot &…
Pediatric Practice... Pearls for your Pediatric Office Practice 