Environmental Hazards… Sun Protection in Children 24 Oct 202123 Oct 2021 Do children need sun protection ? Children’s especially upto age 3 years, have a thin upper layer of the skin and a lower concentration of protective melanin. This allows ultraviolet radiation (UVR)…
Calcium… Calcium requirements and calcium rich foods 21 Oct 202119 Oct 2021 The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for calcium for children and adolescents is 1300 mg of calcium per day, ideally supplied by calcium-rich or calcium-fortified foods. Calcium supplements can be considered for…
Environmental Hazards… Setting rules for screen usage at home 17 Oct 202113 Oct 2021 Its important to set reasonable limits to your child’s screen time especially when the use of screen is hindering his or her involvement in other activities. Some of the tips…
Environmental Hazards… Problems with inappropriate screen use in childhood 14 Oct 202112 Oct 2021 Problems begin when media use displaces physical activity, hands on exploration and face to face social interaction in the real world which is critical to learning. Too much or poor…
Environmental Hazards… Screen viewing guidelines for young children 10 Oct 202112 Oct 2021 In today’s world children are growing up digital therefore its important to learn healthy concepts of digital use. The American Academy of Pediatrics discourages media use for toddlers younger than 18…
Laboratory Tests… Analysing Serum Ferritin 7 Oct 20215 Oct 2021 Serum ferritin is an acute phase reactant, which can be elevated due to any acute infection, rheumatological illness or infiltrative disease. Elevated serum ferritin is seen in rheumatological illnesses such…
BONE AND JOINT DISORDERS… Growing pains 3 Oct 20211 Oct 2021 Growing pains are seen during period of Growth Spurts in children, i.e. at age of 4-6 years and after that at age of 9-11 years in Girls & 10-12 years in…
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR… Sleep hygiene 30 Sep 202128 Sep 2021 “Sleep Hygiene” term is used for Behavioral and environmental practices that are intended to improve sleep quality Sleep hygiene tips: The place of sleep should be quiet, comfortable and should have…
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR… Symptoms & Effects of Sleep deprivation in children 26 Sep 202124 Sep 2021 Symptoms of sleep deprivation Excessive day time sleepiness- falling asleep at school, bus or while watching TVTired upon waking upMoody, irritable, increased temper tantrumsPoor concentrationDifficulty in learning new taskDrop in…
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR… Sleep deprivation in children 23 Sep 202122 Sep 2021 Sleep deprivation is the term used for the failure to get enough sleep to be awake and alert. It is either due to poor quantity or quality of sleepAbout 25-30%…
Evaluation of Arthritis… Systemic Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis SOJIA 19 Sep 202117 Sep 2021 SOJIA is characterized by fever which is documented to be quotidian for at least 3 days and lasts for 2 weeks. It can be seen in all age groups. Child…
Enuresis… Role of Alarms in Bedwetting/Enuresis 16 Sep 202110 Sep 2021 The bedwetting alarm helps the child learn to wake up just in time before the bladder empties. It is a moisture sensitive device. The child has to get up at…
Enuresis… Role of Desmopressin in management of Enuresis 12 Sep 202110 Sep 2021 Previous Post: Management of Enuresis Desmopressin, increases reabsorption of water by the distal convoluted tubule and collecting tubules in the kidney, thus reducing urine production. The response is dose-dependent. Desmopressin…
Enuresis… Management of Bedwetting (Enuresis) 9 Sep 202110 Sep 2021 The decision about when to start treatment should be guided by the degree of concern and motivation on the part of the child rather than the parents. It is generally not…
Enuresis… Must rule out in a child with Enuresis 5 Sep 202131 Aug 2021 Constipation / EncoparesisObstructive Sleep ApneaRecurrent Urinary Tract InfectionsNeuropsychiatric conditionsAbnormal urinalysisUnderlying Diabetes Mellitus /Diabetes InsipidusDeranged renal functionsSpinal dysraphism / Lower limb weakness / Patulous anusFailure to thriveHypertension Post content drafted by…
Enuresis… Bedwetting In Children (Enuresis) 2 Sep 202131 Aug 2021 Bed wetting or enuresis means that a child passes urine without his knowledge when he is sleeping. This can occur at night or any time of the day while asleep.…
Diagnostic Modalities… Role of haemogram(CBC) in Primary Immunodeficiency (PID) 29 Aug 202127 Aug 2021 Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) include >200 inherited disorders that affect the development and function of lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils or monocytes. The first step in diagnosing a primary immunodeficiency is to suspect it.…
Immunological Disorders… Primary Immunodeficiencies Disorders (PID) 26 Aug 202125 Aug 2021 These congenital disorders are defects in the various pathways of immune system which may present in the first year of life or later in childhood. The immune system is an…
Practices & Guidelines… Cord Care of New borns 22 Aug 202120 Aug 2021 Devitalized umbilical cord is an ideal substrate for bacterial growth and any infection of the cord has the potential to directly spread to the blood stream. To prevent such infection:…
Practices & Guidelines… Gastric Lavage In Newborn 19 Aug 202117 Aug 2021 Gastric lavage in all babies particularly, who are born through meconium stained amniotic fluid is practiced at many centres. Although there is no supporting evidence for this practice, it is…
CRITICAL CARE… Polyethylene Occlusive Wraps for Premature Newborns 15 Aug 202115 Aug 2021 Association has been found between lower temperatures at birth of a baby and subsequent mortality and morbidity. Therefore, maintaining normal body temperature becomes crucial. Preterm neonates, being more vulnerable because of less subcutaneous fat…
PEDIATRIC DRUG THERAPY… Vitamin K deficiency-related bleeding (VKDB) in neonates 12 Aug 202110 Aug 2021 Vitamin K is an important clotting factor synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Universally all newborns are deficient in vitamin K because of absence of gut flora, low ability of fetal liver to store vitamin…
Evaluation of Arthritis… Rheumatoid Factor 8 Aug 20213 Aug 2021 Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an antibody(of IgM class) which is directed against the Fc portion of IgG. RF helps to classify patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis(PJIA) into RF positive…
PERINEAL RASH… Streptoccocal Perianal Dermatitis 5 Aug 202116 Jul 2021 Its less commonly seen as compared to other forms of Perineal Dermatides. Incidence is more in age group of 6-9 months and more common in male infants. It is characterized…
PERINEAL RASH… Seborrheic Perineal Dermatitis 1 Aug 202116 Jul 2021 It is an inflammatory skin disease, commonly affecting the napkin area of infants. It is characterized by sharply demarcated salmon-coloured, scaly plaques that involve the groins. The scaling is greasy and…
Candidial Dermatitis… Candidial Diaper Rash 29 Jul 202116 Jul 2021 Candidial diaper rash is seen in children on broad spectrum antibiotic therapy or infected with oral thrush or sometimes with acute diarrhea. It is caused by Candida albicans. It is diagnosed clinically and…
PERINEAL RASH… Primary irritant contact Dermatitis 25 Jul 20215 Aug 2021 Initial Post: What Causes a Perineal rash ? Previous Post : General Treatment approach to any Perineal Rash Primary Irritant Contact dermatitis, also referred to as Napkin Dermatits, is the…
Diaper dermatitis… Treatment approach to a Perineal Rash 22 Jul 20215 Aug 2021 Previous Post: What Causes a Perineal rash ? Following tis ABCDE pneumonic will ensure that all aspects are covered for any Perineal Rash or Diaper Dermatitis in addition to the…
PERINEAL RASH… Perineal Rash in Infancy 18 Jul 202116 Jul 2021 What causes a Perineal Rash in Infants ? Perineal rash in infants is basically a descriptive phenotype for multiple dermatoses that may affect the anogenital skin of an infant. It can…
BONE AND JOINT DISORDERS… Transient Synovitis of Hip Joint 15 Jul 202113 Jul 2021 Transient (toxic) synovitis of the hip presents as a limp or a painful hip or pain in the knee (referred pain). It typically affects boys between 3 to 8 years…
Mountain Sickness… Management of High Altitude Illness(Acute mountain sickness) 11 Jul 20212 Jul 2021 Previous Post Preventive measures for High Altitude Illness Initial Post What is High Altitude Illness Mild headaches can be treated conservatively with paracetamol or ibuprofen.Use ondansetron for vomiting.Supplemental oxygen (if…
Mountain Sickness… Preventive measures for High Altitude Illness 8 Jul 20212 Jul 2021 Continued from previous post What is High Altitude Illness Gradual ascent - Avoid going directly from low altitude to more than 9,000 ft (2,750 m) sleeping altitude in 1 day. Once…
Mountain Sickness… High Altitude Illness(HLI)- Acute mountain sickness (AMS) 4 Jul 20214 Jul 2021 Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is the most common and benign form of high altitude illness (HAI). The risk of AMS depends upon individual susceptibility, the rate of ascent and the elevation…
Dyslexia… Supporting a child with Dyslexia 1 Jul 202125 Jun 2021 Previous post: Learning Disabilities- Role of Teachers & Parents Initial Post : Learning Disabilities - The Spectrum Dyslexia impedes fluency in reading and writing activities. Most children with Dyslexia have…
Language and Learning Disabilities… Learning Disabilities – Role of Parents & Teachers 27 Jun 202125 Jun 2021 Previous post: Learning Disabilities- Understanding the spectrum Primary caregivers or parents and Teachers, both have a big role to play in identification of children facing challenges so that a timely…
Language and Learning Disabilities… Learning Disabilities – Understanding the spectrum 24 Jun 202125 Jun 2021 “Learning disabilities are a generic term that refers to a heterogeneous group of disorder manifested by significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or…
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR… Puberty – Early vs Delayed 20 Jun 202118 Jun 2021 When it is a Precocious / Early puberty –Girls- if pubertal signs (breast development) are seen before 8 years of age.Boys- if pubertal signs (increase in testicular volume) are seen…
Body Mass Index… Interpreting Body Mass Index BMI 17 Jun 202116 Jun 2021 WHO recommends using BMI as an index of being overweight or obese. BMI Correlates well with risk of obesity related medical complications.BMI = Weight (kg)/ Height (m2)It is Important to use Age…
Diabetes mellitus… Diabetic Keto-acidosis- Practice points 13 Jun 202112 Jun 2021 DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS- DKA Blood Glucose >200mg/dlBlood pH <7.3Bicarbonate <15 mmol/LKetones present in blood/urineIf you diagnose a child with DKA – refer to a higher center (preferably with PICU…
INFECTIOUS DISEASES… MIS-C Panel Discussion IAP Delhi- West 10 Jun 2021 IAP Delhi-West organised a Panel Discussion on 9th June, 2021 which eminent panelists, including Dr Rachna Sharma, Head Pediatric Intensive Care at BLK Centre of Child health. The panel discussion…
Diabetes mellitus… Diagnostic criteria for Pre-diabetes and Diabetes Mellitus in children 6 Jun 202130 May 2021 DiagnosisFasting Glucosemg/dlPostprandial Random or Post-OGTT Glucose mg/dlHBA1c%Normal70-99<140</=5.6Pre-diabetes100-125140-1995.7-6.4Diabetes mellitus>/=126>/=200>/=6.5OGTT- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Reactive arthritis… Reactive Arthritis 3 Jun 202130 May 2021 It is an inflammatory joint disease which is caused by an extraarticular infection. However, there is absence of bacteria in the joint. Reactive arthritis usually occurs one to four weeks…
Paroxysmal Non Epileptic Events… Spasmus nutans 30 May 202129 May 2021 Spasmus nutans is a triad of head tremor, nystagmus and torticollis. The condition usually begins in infancy (3-8 months)The head tremors are slow, can be horizontal or vertical. The nystagmus…
Gratification disorder… Gratification disorder or infantile masturbation 27 May 202129 May 2021 Gratification disorder also known as infantile masturbation is a self-stimulating pleasure behaviour of the child. It occurs between the ages of 3 months and 5 years. It may be observed…
Head Nodding… Head nodding 23 May 202122 May 2021 Head nodding without accompanying nystagmus can occur as paroxysmal events in older infants and toddlers These head movements can be lateral (“no-no”), vertical (“yes-yes”), or oblique. The episodes may occur…
Paroxysmal Non Epileptic Events… Sandifer syndrome 16 May 202115 May 2021 Sandifer syndrome is a movement disorder that comprises paroxysmal retrocollis(extension of neck) and opisthotonus(arching/extension of trunk) posturing with tonic deviation of neck in early child hood due to gastroesophageal reflux. The child has preserved…
Benign paroxysmal torticollis… Benign paroxysmal torticollis 13 May 202112 May 2021 It is characterised by episodes of head tilt to one side for a few hours or days. The torticollis may occur without any associated symptoms or may be accompanied by…
Benign myoclonus of infancy… Benign myoclonus of infancy 9 May 20219 May 2021 Benign myoclonus of early infancy is characterized by episodes of myoclonic spasms involving flexion of the trunk, neck, and extremities in a manner resembling the infantile spasms of West syndrome. The…
Paroxysmal Non Epileptic Events… Shuddering attacks 6 May 20215 May 2021 Shuddering episodes are characterized by periods of rapid tremor of the head, shoulders, and arms that resemble shivering. It is often accompanied by facial grimacing with preserved consciousness Onset is in infancy…
Breath Holding Spells… Breath Holding spells 2 May 202130 Apr 2021 Breath Holding Spells (BHS) usually occur between the ages of 6 months and 5 years in children; but may start as early as first month of life. The frequency of…
