Paroxysmal Non Epileptic Events… Sandifer syndrome 16 May 202115 May 2021 Sandifer syndrome is a movement disorder that comprises paroxysmal retrocollis(extension of neck) and opisthotonus(arching/extension of trunk) posturing with tonic deviation of neck in early child hood due to gastroesophageal reflux. The child has preserved…
Benign paroxysmal torticollis… Benign paroxysmal torticollis 13 May 202112 May 2021 It is characterised by episodes of head tilt to one side for a few hours or days. The torticollis may occur without any associated symptoms or may be accompanied by…
Benign myoclonus of infancy… Benign myoclonus of infancy 9 May 20219 May 2021 Benign myoclonus of early infancy is characterized by episodes of myoclonic spasms involving flexion of the trunk, neck, and extremities in a manner resembling the infantile spasms of West syndrome. The…
Paroxysmal Non Epileptic Events… Shuddering attacks 6 May 20215 May 2021 Shuddering episodes are characterized by periods of rapid tremor of the head, shoulders, and arms that resemble shivering. It is often accompanied by facial grimacing with preserved consciousness Onset is in infancy…
Breath Holding Spells… Breath Holding spells 2 May 202130 Apr 2021 Breath Holding Spells (BHS) usually occur between the ages of 6 months and 5 years in children; but may start as early as first month of life. The frequency of…
Breastfeeding… Lactation professionals in India: COVID 2021 response 30 Apr 202130 Apr 2021 Dr SHACCHEE BAWEJA, Lactation Consultant at BLK and president of ALPI (Association of Lactation Professionals India) conducted a QnA session with BeginEd India for Healthcare professionals involved in care of…
Benign sleep myoclonus… Benign sleep myoclonus 29 Apr 202127 Apr 2021 It is characterized by repetitive myoclonic jerks occurring during sleep which are typically in the distal more than proximal limbs, and more prominent in the upper than the lower extremities.It…
Jitteriness… Jitteriness 25 Apr 202125 Apr 2021 It is the most common non-epileptic movement disorder in neonatal period.Generalized symmetric, rhythmic movements of chin and/or extremities that resemble tremor. It is stimulus sensitive; increased with crying. It can be precipitated…
Paroxysmal Non Epileptic Events… Paroxysmal Non Epileptic Events- PNEE 22 Apr 202115 May 2021 Paroxysmal non epileptic events in childhood mimic epilepsy and evoke lot of anxiety amongst parents and family members. These events sometimes end up in getting extensive diagnostic work up and…
Infantile colic… Management of Infantile Colic 18 Apr 202113 Apr 2021 Previous Post: Evaluation of an Infantile Colic Infantile colic is a benign self limited condition. There is no proven therapy for it. Parental reassurance is the main measure to manage…
Infantile colic… Evaluation of infant with suspected colic 15 Apr 202113 Apr 2021 Previous Post: What causes an Infantile Colic Infantile colic is a diagnosis of exclusion Thorough history and physical examination to rule out underlying organic disorders and to determine the need…
Infantile colic… What causes an Infantile Colic 11 Apr 202113 Apr 2021 Previous Post: What is Infantile Colic What exactly results in a colic, still remains a medical dilemma but few hypotheses have been proposed by researchers, which include- Poor feeding technique…
Infantile colic… What is Infantile colic 8 Apr 20218 Apr 2021 Infantile colic is a benign, self-limited process in which a healthy infant has paroxysms of inconsolable crying. The standard diagnostic criteria—known as the “rule of three” crying more than three hours…
Nutrition… Recommendations for Vitamin D doses 4 Apr 202131 Mar 2021 Previous Post: Vitamin D - Food Facts Dose recommendations for Vitamin D by Indian Academy of Paediatrics are as follows- Ages/GroupsPreventionTolerable upper limitTreatment of insufficiencyTreatment with Bulk Doses(oral route preferred)Premature…
Nutrition… Vitamin D–Food facts 1 Apr 202131 Mar 2021 Previous Post: Vitamin D - Practice Points Breastfed babies from birth to 1 year of age should be given a daily Vitamin D supplements as the mother herself is likely…
Nutrition… Vitamin D-Few Practice points 28 Mar 202131 Mar 2021 What are Normal Vitamin D levels Normal ranges of Vitamin D(25 Hydroxy Vitamin D) levels in blood as per IAP Classification are classified as - Sufficient: >20ng/ml (50 nmol/L)Insufficient: 12-20ng/ml (30-50 nmol/L)Deficient: <12ng/ml…
Hypertension… How to use BP reference charts for children 25 Mar 202119 Mar 2021 Previous Post: How to define hypertension in children For defining hypertension child’s blood pressure needs to be compared with reference charts for that age and height centile. The reference charts…
Hypertension… How to define hypertension in children? 21 Mar 202119 Mar 2021 Previous Post: Measurement of BP - DOs & DONTs Trained health care professionals in the office setting should make a diagnosis of Hypertension in a child or adolescent who has…
Hypertension… Measuring the blood pressure- Dos & DONTs 18 Mar 202116 Mar 2021 Previous Post: How to select correct cuff size for measuring blood pressure Besides a circadian variation in blood pressures, a lot of other factors may affect blood pressure measurement like…
Hypertension… How to select correct cuff size for measuring blood pressure 14 Mar 202114 Mar 2021 Previous Post: Techniques to measure a BP Visual check system by any one of three criteria: Bladder width at least 40–50% of the arm circumferenceBladder length at least 80–100% of…
Hypertension… Techniques to Measure Blood pressure 11 Mar 20219 Mar 2021 Previous Post: When to measure a Blood Pressure in Children Auscultation by Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope is the “Gold standard”. The BP reference charts are based on auscultatory BP measurement with mercury…
Neonatal Cholestasis… Management of Cholestasis 7 Mar 20217 Mar 2021 Continued from Previous Post: Role of HIDA Scan in Cholestasis Treatment of neonatal cholestasis depends on underlying etiology. Biliary atresia needs early Kasai porto-enterostomy, before the age of 3 monthsGalactosemia…
Neonatal Cholestasis… Role of HIDA scan in Neonatal Cholestasis 4 Mar 20214 Mar 2021 Continued from Previous Post: Investigations in Neonatal Cholestatsis Routine use of HIDA scan should be discouraged in all cases of neonatal cholestasis. Infant with neonatal cholestasis with pale stool (abnormal…
Neonatal Cholestasis… Investigations in Neonatal Cholestasis 28 Feb 20214 Mar 2021 Continued from Previous Post: When to suspect Neonatal Cholestasis While evaluating a child with neonatal cholestasis, the most important priority is to exclude biliary atresia and causes like galactosemia which…
Neonatal Cholestasis… Neonatal Cholestasis- when to suspect 25 Feb 20214 Mar 2021 Neonatal cholestasis is defined as jaundice with high color urine staining diaper in an infant within first 3 months of life. The common causes of neonatal cholestasis are – 1) Extra…
Laboratory Tests… Antinuclear Antibody-ANA 18 Feb 202118 Feb 2021 Antinuclear antibodies(ANA) are autoantibodies which recognize cellular antigens found predominantly(although not exclusively), in the cell nucleus. A positive ANA of 1:160 or more is highly suggestive of autoimmune diseases such…
PEDIATRIC DRUG THERAPY… Proton Pump Inhibitors 14 Feb 202112 Feb 2021 Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are substituted 2-pyridyl methyl sulfinyl benzimidazoles that inhibit the final common pathway in gastric acid secretion in the apical membrane of parietal cells regardless of the…
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation(HSCT)… Guidelines for Umbilical Cord Blood Banking 11 Feb 202110 Feb 2021 Umbilical cord blood can be safely collected from the placenta without any harm to baby or mother, however cord blood collection is not advisable in complicated deliveries. Private Cord banking…
THE EAR… Tympanometry 7 Feb 20214 Feb 2021 Tympanometry is a technique used to look at the function of the middle ear. It is NOT a hearing test. It is a test used together with otoscopy and audiometry…
Defects in Carbohydrate Metabolism… Galactosemia 4 Feb 20212 Feb 2021 Galactosemia is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of galactose metabolism. Galactosemia should be suspected in a neonate who has persistent unexplained jaundice with poor feeding and weight gain. Such…
Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)… Diagnosis of HIV infection in Infants and Children 31 Jan 202131 Jan 2021 Maternal HIV antibodies usually persist for nearly 9- 12 months in the infant. In some children, they may persist for as long as 18 months. Following table shows the various…
Breastfeeding… Feeding guidelines for infant born to HIV positive mother 28 Jan 202128 Jan 2021 Breastfeeding (BF) does carry a risk of transmission of HIV infection from HIV infected mothers to their infants. However, with use of maternal Anti Retro Viral (ARV) Drugs, the chances…
Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)… ARV prophylaxis in Infant born to a HIV positive mother 24 Jan 202127 Jan 2021 Scenario 1: Infant ARV prophylaxis when mother has not been taking Nevirapine during pregnancy Infants are to be given daily Nevirapine (NVP) from birth for 6 weeks regardless of the mode…
The Endocrine System… Turner Syndrome 21 Jan 202120 Jan 2021 When parents of a girl child have concerns of a short stature or/and pubertal delay, always consider Turner syndrome as one of the possibilities. Besides a thorough physical Examination and doing a SMR…
PEDIATRIC DRUG THERAPY… Choosing a Topical Steroid 17 Jan 202116 Jan 2021 The prescribing physician should know about the classification of Topical steroids. GRADECLASSEXAMPLES1Very high potency Clobetasol propionate, Halobetasol prop2High potency Betamethasone dipropionate, Diflorasone 3Medium potency ointmentMometasone / Fluticasone ointments 4Medium potency creamsMometasone / Fluticasone creams 5Lower medium Hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%6Low…
Diseases of the Blood… Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) 14 Jan 202111 Jan 2021 Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a terminology that is being encountered frequently in the past few years. It is a pathological entity where uncontrolled inflammation results in activation of lymphocytes. Activated T…
Henoch Scholein Purpura… Henoch Scholein Purpura 10 Jan 202110 Jan 2021 It is the most common primary systemic vasculitis in children. Diagnosis requires the presence of purpura or petechiae with lower limb predominance with one of the following four- Abdominal pain Arthritis…
Acute Pancreatitis… Acute Pancreatitis 7 Jan 20217 Jan 2021 Acute pancreatitis (AP) is not a rare disease in children and adolescents and should be considered during the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. It may be life-threatening if it is…
Bronchoscopy… Tracheo-bronchial Foreign Body Extraction in children 3 Jan 202129 Dec 2020 Removal of foreign bodies from the child’s airways can be done either by a flexible bronchoscope or a rigid bronchoscope. Most usual foreign bodies like peanuts, almonds, other nuts and seeds…
Primary Teeth… ARE PRIMARY TEETH REALLY THAT IMPORTANT ?! 31 Dec 202030 Dec 2020 As a Pediatric Dentist, the most common question that I am asked is “Do baby teeth really require dental treatment?” Yes, it is true that primary/baby teeth are temporary and…
Appendicitis… Nonoperative management of Appendicitis 27 Dec 202026 Dec 2020 Appendectomy for an appendicitis presenting early remains the treatment of choice in majority of the cases but a minority of children can be considered for a Non Operative Management(NOM) if the…
Adolescent Medicine… Diagnosis and Management of PCOS 24 Dec 202023 Dec 2020 Continued from Previous post..What is PCOS Diagnosis According to Endocrine Society guidelines, diagnosis of PCOS is made by presence of clinical ± biochemical hyperandrogenism in the presence of persistent menstrual irregularity. Laboratory…
Adolescent Medicine… Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) 20 Dec 202020 Dec 2020 Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine condition affecting between 6–18% of adolescent girls It is associated with symptoms of hyperandrogenism (excess body hair (hirsutism), severe acne) and…
Diseases of the Blood… Iron chelation therapy in Thalassemia major 17 Dec 202016 Dec 2020 Continued from Previous Post on Assessment of Iron Overload in Thalassemia Goal of chelation therapy is to decrease tissue iron to a safe level and to minimise level of non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI)…
Diseases of the Blood… Assessment of iron overload in Thalassemia patients 13 Dec 202013 Dec 2020 An inevitable complication of regular blood transfusions in a Thalassemia major is iron overload. Assessment of iron overload by serum ferritin is widely used, relatively easy to perform and most acceptable, but…
The Digestive System… Importance of frequency, colour and consistency of stool in first few months 10 Dec 202010 Dec 2020 The child usually passes stool (meconeum)at the time of delivery. By end of 48 hours 99% of newborns would have passed stool, failing which the child should be investigated. In the first…
Hypertension… When should one measure a blood pressure in children? 6 Dec 20209 Mar 2021 Blood pressure (BP) should be measured annually in children and adolescents 3 years onwards. BP should be checked in all children and adolescents 3 years onwards at every health encounter…
IAP VACCINE GUIDELINES… IAP vaccination update 2020 3 Dec 20203 Dec 2020 The updates e-published byIndian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP) on 29th November 2020 issue new recommendations especially for IPV, IIV & Varicella vaccines apart from…
Infantile colic… Infantile colic- An Overview 18 Apr 202113 Apr 2021 What is an Infantile Colic Infantile colic is a benign, self-limited process in which a healthy infant has paroxysms of inconsolable crying. The standard diagnostic criteria—known as the “rule of three”…
