“Learning disabilities are a generic term that refers to a heterogeneous group of disorder manifested by significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities. These disorders are intrinsic to individual and presumed to be due to central nervous system dysfunction” –National joint Committee for Learning Disabilities (NJCLD).
Learning disabilities include imperfect ability in following domains-
Dyslexia– Presents as Reading and Speech issues. Child has trouble in decoding words and so is not able to match letters to sounds and then use that skill to read words accurately and fluently.
Dysgraphia-Presents as Writing problems. Child has difficulty with spelling, poor handwriting and trouble putting thoughts on paper.
Dyspraxia– Presents as Speech problems and not acquiring age appropriate skills. This results from disability to carry out sequences of co-ordinated motor activity and the planning & execution of tasks.
Verbal dyspraxia relates to difficulties in programming, sequencing and initiating the movements needed for speech and is managed by a speech therapist.
Motor dyspraxia affects the planning and execution of movements in a co-ordinated manner and difficulties in motor skills and is addressed by an occupational therapist.
Dyscalculia– Presents with a severe difficulty with use of numbers and mathematical calculations.
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